https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&feed=atom&action=history
Chance News 63 - Revision history
2024-03-28T12:43:56Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=13322&oldid=prev
Jls: /* Discussion */
2010-05-06T16:06:38Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Discussion</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:06, 6 May 2010</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Discussion===</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>===Discussion===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1. Buried in the article: The total sample size of free throws attempted was 425, with 60, 121, 191, 22 and 9 representing 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 dribbles for a total of 403. No information is given for 5 and 6 dribbles but from the data, the inference is that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the </del>represent 22 (425-403) attempts. Given this data, how impressive does the 77% success rate for four dribbles appear?</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>1. Buried in the article: The total sample size of free throws attempted was 425, with 60, 121, 191, 22 and 9 representing 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 dribbles for a total of 403. No information is given for 5 and 6 dribbles but from the data, the inference is that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">they </ins>represent 22 (425-403) attempts. Given this data, how impressive does the 77% success rate for four dribbles appear?</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2. Why didn’t the author choose to present a simple table of number of dribbles, free-throw attempts, free-throws made instead of dribbling the information all over the article? Is any insight provided by the following graphic from the article?</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>2. Why didn’t the author choose to present a simple table of number of dribbles, free-throw attempts, free-throws made instead of dribbling the information all over the article? Is any insight provided by the following graphic from the article?</div></td></tr>
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Jls
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10671&oldid=prev
Bill Peterson: /* Demystifying conditional probability? */
2010-05-05T01:21:59Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Demystifying conditional probability?</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 01:21, 5 May 2010</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Steven Strogatz, ''New York Times'', Opinionator blog, 25 April 2010</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Steven Strogatz, ''New York Times'', Opinionator blog, 25 April 2010</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Steven Strogatz, an applied mathematics professor at Cornell University, has been writing engaging weekly installments about mathematics for the Opinionator. His post this week is about probability; more specifically, it focuses on conditional probability. Of course, this topic is a notorious source of confusion. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(</del>Indeed, this edition of Chance News includes [http://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php/Chance_News_63#Bird_brains_vs._birdbrains another appearance of the Monty Hall problem], which refuses to stay solved<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">!) </del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Steven Strogatz, an applied mathematics professor at Cornell University, has been writing engaging weekly installments about mathematics for the Opinionator. His post this week is about probability; more specifically, it focuses on conditional probability. Of course, this topic is a notorious source of confusion. Indeed, this edition of Chance News includes [http://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php/Chance_News_63#Bird_brains_vs._birdbrains another appearance of the Monty Hall problem], which <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stubbornly </ins>refuses to stay solved<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The article presents several famous examples, including the false positive problem in diagnostic medical screening, and the conflicting arguments over spousal abuse and murder at the the O.J. Simpson trial. Strogatz expresses enthusiasm for the approach of Gerd Gigerenzer, a psychologist who has argued that describing such problems in terms of &quot;natural frequencies&quot; rather than conditional probabilities helps people reason more clearly (Gigerenzer's book ''Calculated Risks: How to Know When Numbers are Deceiving You'' was discussed in [http://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php/Chance_News_14#Gerd_Gigerenzer.27s_Calculated_Risks_Revisited Chance News 14]). Essentially, this approach involves thinking about the problem in terms of a hypothetical cohort large enough to clear the denominators from the fractions, so one is talking about whole numbers of cases and the relevant ratios become easier to visualize. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The article presents several famous examples, including the false positive problem in diagnostic medical screening, and the conflicting arguments over spousal abuse and murder at the the O.J. Simpson trial. Strogatz expresses enthusiasm for the approach of Gerd Gigerenzer, a psychologist who has argued that describing such problems in terms of &quot;natural frequencies&quot; rather than conditional probabilities helps people reason more clearly (Gigerenzer's book ''Calculated Risks: How to Know When Numbers are Deceiving You'' was discussed in [http://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php/Chance_News_14#Gerd_Gigerenzer.27s_Calculated_Risks_Revisited Chance News 14]). Essentially, this approach involves thinking about the problem in terms of a hypothetical cohort large enough to clear the denominators from the fractions, so one is talking about whole numbers of cases and the relevant ratios become easier to visualize. </div></td></tr>
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Bill Peterson
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10669&oldid=prev
Cibes: /* Media Highlights from College Mathematics Journal */
2010-05-04T15:43:49Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Media Highlights from College Mathematics Journal</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Media Highlights from College Mathematics Journal==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Media Highlights from College Mathematics Journal==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We have often mentioned in Chance News, articles from the Media Highlights section of the College Mathematics Journal that we thought our readers would enjoy reading. We were pleased to see that the May 2010 issue of this Journal included in their Media Highlights an expanded version of a Chance News article "Simpson's Paradox" contributed by Margaret Cibes in Chance News <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">53</del>. In this Media Highlights they also discussed the following article from Nature Magazine<br> </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>We have often mentioned in Chance News, articles from the Media Highlights section of the College Mathematics Journal that we thought our readers would enjoy reading. We were pleased to see that the May 2010 issue of this Journal included in their Media Highlights an expanded version of a Chance News article "Simpson's Paradox" contributed by Margaret Cibes in Chance News <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">58</ins>. In this Media Highlights they also discussed the following article from Nature Magazine<br> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461879a.html Massively collaborative mathematics ]<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7266/full/461879a.html Massively collaborative mathematics ]<br></div></td></tr>
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Cibes
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10641&oldid=prev
Cibes: /* Higher grades at private schools */
2010-05-04T15:14:15Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher grades at private schools</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:14, 4 May 2010</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Motivated by their concern about the disproprotionate representation of private-school students in science/engineering doctoral programs, two researchers studied average undergrad GPAs at private and public colleges/universities. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> </del>See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Motivated by their concern about the disproprotionate representation of private-school students in science/engineering doctoral programs, two researchers studied average undergrad GPAs at private and public colleges/universities.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td></tr>
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Cibes
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10639&oldid=prev
Cibes: /* Higher grades at private schools */
2010-05-04T15:13:50Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher grades at private schools</span></span></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Motivated by their concern about the disproprotionate representation of private-school students in science/engineering doctoral programs, two researchers studied average undergrad GPAs at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">80 four-year </del>colleges/universities <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11, with most of the increase attributed to private-school GPAs</del>. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Motivated by their concern about the disproprotionate representation of private-school students in science/engineering doctoral programs, two researchers studied average undergrad GPAs at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">private and public </ins>colleges/universities. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td></tr>
</table>
Cibes
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10638&oldid=prev
Cibes: /* Higher grades at private schools */
2010-05-04T15:10:15Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher grades at private schools</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<col class="diff-content" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:10, 4 May 2010</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l256">Line 256:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Motivated by their concern about the disproprotionate representation of private-school students in science/engineering doctoral programs, two researchers studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Motivated by their concern about the disproprotionate representation of private-school students in science/engineering doctoral programs, two researchers studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, with most of the increase attributed to private-school GPAs</ins>. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td></tr>
</table>
Cibes
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10637&oldid=prev
Cibes: /* Higher grades at private schools */
2010-05-04T15:08:58Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher grades at private schools</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:08, 4 May 2010</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l256">Line 256:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 256:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Two </del>researchers <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">have </del>studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Motivated by their concern about the disproprotionate representation of private-school students in science/engineering doctoral programs, two </ins>researchers studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td></tr>
</table>
Cibes
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10636&oldid=prev
Cibes: /* Higher grades at private schools */
2010-05-04T15:04:35Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher grades at private schools</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:04, 4 May 2010</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l256">Line 256:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 256:</td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, <i>The New York Times</i>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Two researchers have studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”].</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Two researchers have studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. The report indicates that the researchers looked at “contemporary” grades from over 160 colleges/universities, as well as the “historical” grades from over 80 schools</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><center></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td></tr>
</table>
Cibes
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10635&oldid=prev
Cibes: /* Higher grades at private schools */
2010-05-04T14:56:20Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Higher grades at private schools</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:56, 4 May 2010</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l254">Line 254:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Higher grades at private schools==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Higher grades at private schools==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/19/want-a-higher-g-p-a-go-to-a-private-college/?scp=1&sq=gpa&st=cse “Want a Higher G.P.A.? Go to a Private College”]<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/19/want-a-higher-g-p-a-go-to-a-private-college/?scp=1&sq=gpa&st=cse “Want a Higher G.P.A.? Go to a Private College”]<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell, April 19, 2010<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>by Catherine Rampell<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, <i>The New York Times</i></ins>, April 19, 2010<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Two researchers have studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”].</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Two researchers have studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”].</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></center></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div></center></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unsurprisingly, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">their most recent data for 160 schools show an average GPA of 3.3 at private schools and 3.0 at public schools. They </del>also found that science departments grade lower, on average, than humanities and social science departments (by 0.4 and 0.2 points, respectively).<br></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unsurprisingly, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">they </ins>also found that science departments grade lower, on average, than humanities and social science departments (by 0.4 and 0.2 points, respectively).<br></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See a website[http://www.gradeinflation.com] with detailed discussion, graphs and raw data, especially about individual schools. The website provides the following statement:</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>See a website[http://www.gradeinflation.com] with detailed discussion, graphs and raw data, especially about individual schools. The website provides the following statement:</div></td></tr>
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Cibes
https://www.causeweb.org/wiki/chance/index.php?title=Chance_News_63&diff=10634&oldid=prev
Cibes: /* Lucky charms and disappointing journalism */
2010-05-04T14:53:15Z
<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Lucky charms and disappointing journalism</span></span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:53, 4 May 2010</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Submitted by Paul Alper</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Submitted by Paul Alper</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">==Higher grades at private schools==</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/19/want-a-higher-g-p-a-go-to-a-private-college/?scp=1&sq=gpa&st=cse “Want a Higher G.P.A.? Go to a Private College”]<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">by Catherine Rampell, April 19, 2010<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Two researchers have studied average undergrad GPAs at 80 four-year colleges/universities over the period 1991-2006 and found that average GPAs have risen from 2.52 to about 3.11. See a report of their study, [http://www.gradeinflation.com/tcr2010grading.pdf “Grading in American Colleges and Universities”].</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><center></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2010/03/08/business/economy/gradeinflation.jpg</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></center></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Unsurprisingly, their most recent data for 160 schools show an average GPA of 3.3 at private schools and 3.0 at public schools. They also found that science departments grade lower, on average, than humanities and social science departments (by 0.4 and 0.2 points, respectively).<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">See a website[http://www.gradeinflation.com] with detailed discussion, graphs and raw data, especially about individual schools. The website provides the following statement:</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><blockquote>As a rough rule of thumb, the average GPA of a school today can be estimated by the rejection percentage of its applicant pool:<br></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">GPA = 2.8 + Rejection Percentage /200 + (if the school is private add 0.2)</blockquote></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Submitted by Margaret Cibes, based on an ISOSTAT posting</ins></div></td></tr>
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